تبیین جامعه‌شناختی تخلف از قوانین راهنمایی و رانندگی (مطالعۀ موردی: شهروندان استان مازندران)

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مسائل اجتماعی ایران، گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

2 استاد جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

3 دانشیار جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

چکیده
موضوع اصلی پژوهش حاضر تبیین تخلف از قوانین راهنمایی و رانندگی با استفاده از نظریه‌های بازدارندگی بسط‌یافتهِ استفورد و وار، یادگیری اجتماعیِ ایکرز و کنش موقعیتیِ ویکستروم است. روش تحقیق، پیمایش و ابزار جمع‌آوری داده‌ها پرسشنامه بود. جامعهٔ آماری تحقیق شامل افراد بالای ۱۸ سال دارندهٔ گواهی‌نامهٔ رانندگی در استان مازندران بود که ۴۰۰ نفر از آن‌ها با شیوهٔ نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای متناسب به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. یافته‌های توصیفی نشان داد که بیش‌ترین تخلفات انجام‌شدهٔ پاسخگویان در دو سال اخیر، استفاده از تلفن همراه در حین رانندگی و کم‌ترین تخلفات، عبور از چراغ‌قرمز راهنمایی و رانندگی است. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل رگرسیون حاکی بود که تأثیر متغیرهای تمایل مجرمانه، جرم‌زایی محیط، تعاریف خنثی‌ساز و گریز از مجازات بر متغیر تخلف از قوانین راهنمایی و رانندگی معنادار است، اما تأثیر تقویت افتراقی بر این تخلف معنادار نیست. لذا مطابق با نظریهٔ کنش موقعیتی می‌توان گفت که افزایش تمایل مجرمانه و جرم‌زایی محیط باعث افزایش میزان تخلف از قوانین راهنمایی و رانندگی می‌شود. همچنین، مطابق با نظریهٔ بازدارندگی بسط‌یافته می‌توان اظهار کرد که گریز از مجازات با کاهش قطعیت درک‌شدهٔ مجازات، احتمال تخلف از قوانین را افزایش می‌دهد. باید اضافه نمود که اگرچه مطابق با نظریهٔ یادگیری اجتماعی، تعاریف خنثی‌ساز از طریق کاهش احساس گناه می‌تواند منجر به تکرار تخلف از قوانین راهنمایی و رانندگی گردد، اما تقویت افتراقی این پیامد را به دنبال ندارد. این شاید به خاطر عادی‌سازی تخلفات و باور به عدم قطعیت مجازات در بین افراد باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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  • تاریخ دریافت 18 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 18 خرداد 1405