Dropping out of education is one of the main challenges of Iran's education system, which has grown significantly in recent years, especially after the epidemic of Covid-19 and online teaching. The aim of the current research is to identify the formation of school dropout using a meta-synthesis approach. This method includes the seven steps of Sandlowski and Barroso, which deals with the systematic evaluation and analysis of the results and findings of previous studies. The results of previous researches were collected from internal sources during the years 2011 to 2022 and among the 68 extracted articles, 20 articles were selected for the final analysis. The Kappa coefficient was used to check the quality and reliability of the findings of this research. The value of kappa coefficient was calculated to be 86%, which according to the state of kappa coefficient, the agreement is at an excellent level. The theoretical considerations of the present research are based on the theories of inequality in education; Bourdieu, Ivan Ilyich and etc. According to the review of articles, the results of the research indicate six main factors including family disorder, economic barriers, unequal educational atmosphere, social trench, cultural judgments and individual differences that explain the theme of educational drop out. In the meantime, family disorder has been the most important cause affecting the phenomenon of students dropping out of school with the highest frequency. Also, the findings showed that the number of dropped out students increased by 17.15% in the academic year of 2021-2022 compared to the academic years of 2016-2017. Also, the province of Sistan and Baluchistan has a much worse situation than the rest of the country's provinces in terms of two indicators of dropout and dropout, so that in the academic year of 2021-2022, more than 18.2% of the student population of this province dropped out of school. Based on the findings, it seems that we need serious interventions in the field of policy making.

Keywords: educational drop out, students, school, educational system, meta-synthesis

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