زیست تروماتیک پساجنگ: مطالعۀ حافظۀ جمعی تجربۀ جنگ‌زدگی ساکنان استان ایلام

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری جامعه‌شناسی، گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکدهٔ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده
جنگ ایران و عراق (۱۳۵۹-۱۳۶۷) به‌عنوان یکی از طولانی‌ترین و پُرمخاطره‌ترین جنگ‌های قرن بیستم، اثرات عمیقی بر جامعۀ ایران، به‌ویژه استان‌های مرزی مانند ایلام، برجای گذاشت. هدف از این پژوهش شناخت هرچه بیش‌تر ادراکات مردم این منطقه از تجربۀ جنگ است. آنچه قابل تأمل است این امر است که آسیب‌های روانی منبعث از جنگ کم‌کم با گذشت زمان از بُعد فردی خارج می‌شوند و همین روایت‌های دردناک، روح جمعی ساکنان جنگ‌زده را شکل خواهد داد. این مطالعه با هدف پاسخ به این سؤال انجام شده است که جنگ نزد مردم مناطق جنگ‌زده مرز غربی کشور چه معنایی دارد و آنان چگونه جنگ را تجربه کرده‌اند؟ مطالعۀ حاضر با رویکرد تفسیری-کیفی و روش نظریۀ زمینه‌ای (داده‌بنیاد) برساخت‌گرا اجرا شده است. شیوۀ نمونه‌گیری هدفمند از نوع در دسترس و نظری بود. با رسیدن نمونه‌ها به ۲۷ نفر، اشباع نظری حاصل شد. به‌منظور تحلیل داده‌ها در چارچوب روش نظریۀ زمینه‌ای برساخت‌گرا، متن در سه مرحلۀ اولیه، متمرکز و نظری کدگذاری شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد تجربۀ جنگ‌زدگی و آوارگی، علاوه بر گسست در زندگی روزمره، زیست پساجنگ را با بحران‌های گوناگونی مواجه ساخته که آسیب روانی آن همچنان دارای تداوم است. جنگ در حافظۀ جمعی ایلامیان به‌عنوان فاجعه‌ای تروماتیک یادآوری می‌شود که ابعاد گوناگون زندگی افراد در نسل‌های مختلف را متأثر ساخته و جنگ‌زدگی به‌عنوان هویتی جمعی، با خودبازدارندگی توسعۀ فردی و اجتماعی و اقتصادی و فرهنگی را به دنبال داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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  • تاریخ دریافت 18 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 18 خرداد 1405