انسجام اجتماعی و رابطه تشتت هنجاری با آن

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد قزوین، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری سیاستگذاری فرهنگی، گروه جامعه شناسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد تهران غرب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده
یکی از عوامل مهم تأثیرگذار بر روی توسعۀ اجتماعی، وضعیت انسجام اجتماعی جوامع می‌­باشد. جامعه‌‌­شناسان، عوامل متعددی را به عنوان عوامل تأثیرگذار بر انسجام دخیل می­‌دانند. یکی از مهمترین این عوامل، ویژگی‌­های فرهنگی جوامع، وضعیت تشتت و چندگانگی هنجاری و نحوه مواجه با این وضعیت در جوامع است. مدل­‌ هرای مختلفی از تأثیرگذاری کامل تا عدم تأثیرگذاری ویژگی­‌های فرهنگی بر روی انسجام اجتماعی در ادبیات نظری مطرح شده است. بر اساس هدف مقاله، به نظر می­‌رسد، جوامعی که با میزان بیشتری از تشتت هنجاری مواجه هستند، سطح انسجام پایین­‌تری دارند. به­ منظور آزمون این مدعا یک مطالعۀ تطبیقی با استفاده از داده‌­های ثانویه پیمایش ارزش‌­های جهانی (2015- 1995)، اقلیت­‌های در معرض خطر، بانک جهانی، آزادی­‌های مذهبی و مطالعات اجتماعی انجام شده است. دورۀ زمانی داده‌­های این مطالعه از 1995 تا 2015 و شامل 109 کشور می­‌شود. نتایج نشان داد؛ جوامعی با میزان بالایی از چندگانگی و تشتت هنجاری، میزان پایینی از انسجام اجتماعی را دارا می­‌باشند. شکل رابطه بین این دو متغیر هم برای تشتت هنجاری کل و هم برای اجزای سازندۀ آن تقریباً به صورت خطی بوده است. کشورهای آمریکای شمالی کمترین میزان تشتت هنجاری و بیشترین میزان انسجام را دارا بوده‌­اند و کشورهای آفریقایی بالعکس از میزان بیشتری از تشتت هنجاری و میزان پایینی از انسجام برخوردارند. ایران از حیث انسجام اجتماعی در میان 109 کشور جهان رتبه 87 و از حیث تشتت و چندگانگی هنجاری رتبه 31 در میان 61 کشور را دارد.

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  • تاریخ دریافت 18 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 18 خرداد 1405