Social Problems of Iran
مسائل اجتماعی ایران
Social Problems of Iran
Literature & Humanities
http://jspi.khu.ac.ir
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2476-6933
2476-695X
10.61882/jspi
3/1860499
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jalali
1400
1
1
gregorian
2021
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پاندمی کرونا و تشدید شکاف دولت-ملت در ایالات متحده با تأکید بر سیاست های دونالد ترامپ
Corona Pandemic and Widening the Gap of Nation-State in US with Emphasis on Donald Trump Policies
جامعهشناسی سیاسی
Political sociology
پژوهشی اصیل
Original Research
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">با</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">فراگیری</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">پاندمی</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">کرونا</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">در</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">سال</span> <span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">2020</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">میلادی،</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">تمامی</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">تلاش­ ها</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">به</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">سمت</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">و</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">سوی</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">یک</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">ائتلاف</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">قدرتمند</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">برای</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">حل</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">و</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">فصل</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">و</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">در</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">نهایت</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">درمان</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">این</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">ویروس</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">خطرناک آغاز</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">شد. در</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">این</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">میان،</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">دونالد</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">ترامپ</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">به</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">جای</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">حمایت</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">از</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">سازمان</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">جهانی</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">بهداشت</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">و</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">اتخاذ</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">سیاست­ های</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">حمایتی</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">از</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">طیف­ ها</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">و</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">جریان­ های</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">مختلف</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">داخلی،</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">با</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">اتهام</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">پراکنی</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">وسیع،</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">علیه</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">چین، </span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">قطع</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">حمایت­ های</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">مالی</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">از</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">سازمان</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"> بهداشت</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">جهانی</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">و</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">سپس</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">وارد</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">کردن</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">اتهام</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">به</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">دولت</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">باراک</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">اوباما،</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">نتوانست</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">رویکردهای</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">لازم</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">را</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">برای</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">مهار</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">یا</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">عدم</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">فراگیری</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">این</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">ویروس</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">در</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">آمریکا</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">به</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">نتیجه</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">برساند. به</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">همین</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">سبب</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">کمتر</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">از</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">سه</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">ماه</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">پس</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">از</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">شیوع</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">کرونا،</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">آمریکا</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">در صدر</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">بیشترین</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">مبتلایان</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">و</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">قربانیان</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">این</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">بحران</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">قرار</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">گرفت. لذا</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">در</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">این</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">مقاله</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">مساعی</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">نویسندگان</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">حول</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">ارائه</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">پاسخی</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">متقن</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">به</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">این</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">سؤال</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">است</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">که</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">چگونه</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">پاندمی</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">کرونا</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">به</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">تعمیق</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">شکاف­ های</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">میان</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">دولت</span><span dir="LTR">-</span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">ملت</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">در</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">ایالات</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">متحده</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">منتهی</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">گردید؟</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">فرضیۀ </span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">نویسندگان</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">مبتنی</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">بر</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">این</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">این</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">اصل</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">است</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">که</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">هژمونی­ خواهی</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">افراطی</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">ترامپ</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">و</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">سیاست­ های اتخاذ</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">شدۀ </span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">وی</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">بسترساز</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">تعمیق</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">این</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">گسست­ ها گردیده است.</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">یافته ­های </span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">مقاله</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">که</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">با</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">بهره­ گیری</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">از</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">منابع</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">مکتوب</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">و</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">مجازی،</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">روش</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">جامعه</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">شناسی</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">تاریخی</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">و</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">استفاده</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">از</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">تئوری</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">شکاف­ها </span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">اجتماعی</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">بوده،</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">نشان دهندۀ </span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">تعمیق</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">شکاف ­های</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">ترامپ</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">با</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">دولت</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">پیشین</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">ایالات</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">متحده؛</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">یعنی</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">باراک</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">اوباما،</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">تمعیق</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">گسست ها</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">با</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">دموکرات­ های</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">مجلس</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">آمریکا،</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">تشدید</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">چالش ­های</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">ترامپ</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">با</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">فرمانداران</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">ایالت­ های</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">مهم</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">آمریکا</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">و</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">تشدید</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">تنش­ ها</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">با</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">طیف­های</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">کارگر</span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">می ­باشد.</span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">With the outbreak of the Corona pandemic in 2020, all efforts were made towards a strong coalition to resolve and eventually cure the dangerous virus. In the meantime, instead of supporting the World Health Organization and adopting policies in support of various domestic spectrums and currents, Donald Trump has been widely accused of cutting off financial support to the World Health Organization and then entering. Blaming the Barack Obama administration has failed to bring the necessary approaches to curbing or not spreading the virus in the United States. As a result, less than three months after the corona outbreak, the United States topped the list of those most affected by the crisis. So in this article, the authors try to provide a convincing answer to the question of how the Corona pandemic led to the deepening of the nation-state divide in the United States. The authors' hypothesis is based on the principle that Trump's extreme hegemony and his policies have paved the way for the deepening of these rifts. Findings from the article, which use written and virtual sources, historical sociological methods, and the theory of social divisions, show that Trump's divisions with the previous US administration have deepened; That is, Barack Obama is deepening the rift with the Democrats in the US House, intensifying Trump's challenges with the governors of important US states, and escalating tensions with the working class.</div>
بحران کرونا, محرومیت های اجتماعی, سیاست های پراگماتیستی, دولت-ملت, شکاف های اجتماعی.
Corona crisis, Social deprivation, Pragmatic policies, nation-state, Social divisions.
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http://jspi.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2471-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Abdolreza
Alishahi
عبدالرضا
عالیشاهی
Abdolreza.alishahi@yahoo.com
10031947532846004484
10031947532846004484
Yes
Student in Political Science, Allameh Tabatabai University
دانشجوی دکتری علوم سیاسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
Younes
Forouzan
یونس
فروزان
Younes.Forouzan@yahoo.com
10031947532846004485
10031947532846004485
No
Communication Sciences Allameh Tabatabai University
دکتری علوم ارتباطات دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
Hossein
Masoudnia
حسین
مسعودنیا
Masoudn@ase.ui.ac.ir
10031947532846004486
10031947532846004486
No
Associate Professor of Political Science, University of Isfahan
دانشیار علوم سیاسی دانشگاه اصفهان